A patient with a closed fracture to the left lower leg presents symptoms consistent with compartment syndrome. What symptoms are expected?

Compartment syndrome occurs when increased pressure within a closed muscle compartment impairs blood flow, leading to tissue ischemia and potential necrosis. The classic symptoms of this condition are characterized by a combination of severe pain, diminished pulses, and increased compartment pressure.

Pain is a hallmark symptom of compartment syndrome and often manifests as intense, out of proportion to the injury, and may be exacerbated by passive stretching of the muscles within the affected compartment. Diminished pedal pulses indicate that blood flow to the affected area is compromised, which is a critical sign that compartment syndrome is present. The measurement of pressure within the compartment can confirm the diagnosis, and in advanced cases, it may lead to muscle weakness or necrosis if not treated promptly.

The other symptom of increased pressure provides objective evidence of the condition and underscores the urgency required in the assessment and management of a patient suspected to have compartment syndrome. Recognizing these key symptoms is vital for prompt intervention and to prevent severe complications.