What is the first step if a trauma patient is unresponsive during the assessment?

In the scenario where a trauma patient is unresponsive, the most critical first step is to open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver. This action is essential because an unresponsive patient is at high risk of airway obstruction due to the loss of muscle tone, which can cause the tongue or soft tissues in the throat to collapse and block the airway.

By using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver, a nurse or provider can properly align the airway, allowing for better ventilation and oxygenation. This is a fundamental part of the initial assessment and resuscitation process, known as the ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation). Ensuring that the airway is open is a priority before further interventions can be taken, such as checking for a pulse or initiating chest compressions. If the airway is not secured first, it may lead to ineffective ventilation, compromising the patient’s oxygenation.

Other actions, such as checking for a pulse or administering oxygen, may be necessary later in the assessment process, but establishing a patent airway is crucial to ensure the patient's survival and prevent further complications.